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Giemsa stain
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Giemsa stain (), named after German chemist and bacteriologist , is a stain used in and for the histopathological diagnosis of and other .


Uses
It is specific for the groups of and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of - bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called , to stain and often used to create a (chromosome map). It can identify chromosomal aberrations such as translocations and rearrangements.

It stains the Trichomonas vaginalis, which presents with greenish discharge and motile cells on wet prep.

Giemsa stain is also a differential stain, such as when it is combined with Wright stain to form Wright–Giemsa stain. It can be used to study the adherence of bacteria to human cells. It differentially stains human and bacterial cells purple and pink respectively. It can be used for diagnosis of the species that cause and some other and blood parasites. It is also used to stain cells in host tissue.

(2025). 9780387307459, Springer.

Giemsa stain is a classic stain for peripheral blood smears and specimens. stain pink, show a light pale pink, stains sky blue, cytoplasm stains pale blue, and nuclear stains magenta. It is also used to visualize the classic "safety pin" shape in . Giemsa stain is also used to visualize . This is particularly relevant for detection of infection, where the classical finding would be an "owl-eye" viral inclusion.

Giemsa stains the fungus , Chlamydia bacteria, and can be used to identify .


Generation
Giemsa's solution is a mixture of , , and Azure B . The stain is usually prepared from commercially available Giemsa powder.

A thin film of the specimen on a microscope slide is fixed in pure for 30 seconds, by immersing it or by putting a few drops of methanol on the slide. The slide is immersed in a freshly prepared 5% Giemsa stain solution for 20–30 minutes (in emergencies 5–10 minutes in 10% solution can be used), then flushed with tap water and left to dry. In areas with high environmental temperatures exceeding 25 degrees Celsius, store the methanol at below 0°C and geimsa stain at 2-8°C Fix the thin smear by dipping it in the cold methanol 0-20°C for 1 to 2 seconds and air dry for 5 minutes. An air dryer maybe used for drying. Working solution should be reconstituted at a ratio of 90:5:5 90ml fresh/distilled water: 5ml geimsa stain:5ml methanol. Stain the fixed smear for 10 to 15 minutes. 15 minutes gives best results. Wash with running water and air dry. View at x100 with oil emersion. This enhances the robustness of the procedure at all temperature range. The cell and parasite morphology


See also

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